The refrigerator and air conditioning industries have started to address the future challenges. The regulation for the management of high global warming potential refrigerants for stationary sources carb. A refrigerant is a substance or mixture, usually a fluid, used in a heat pump and refrigeration. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information. Usage of some refrigerating fluids is limited with kyoto protocol 1 due to their contribution to sera gas formation. Terms in this set 27 ozone blank is a numeric value assigned to refrigerants to compair how harmful they can be to the ozone. Recommendations to safety guidelines and standards for the use of. In most cases no timeconsuming circuit rinsing is required. Desirable properties of refrigerants used in refrigeration applications like physical, chemical, environmental properties including economic aspects. Apr 04, 2002 shaw acknowledged that managing refrigerants can be a challenge, since transition is an ongoing process and there is pressure to reduce ozone depletion potential odp to zero. Removal of chloride and fluoride containing gases is aimed with montreal protocol due to ozone depletion potential odp.
Ozone depletion potential odp of a chemical compound is the relative amount of degradation it can cause to the ozone layerglobal warming potential gwp is a measure of how much a given mass of a gas contributes to global warming. Most first and secondgeneration refrigerants are ozonedepleting. Which of the following refrigerants have the lowest ozonedepletion potential odp. Refrigerant types, issues, trends and future options. Andrew, listing of refrigerants pdf, andys hvacr web page, archived from the. Ozonedepleting substances ozone layer protection us epa. Common refrigerants and their ozone depletion potential odp and global warming potential gwp are indicated below. However, owing to some regulations and limitations in the recent years, tendency to refrigerants having low global warming potential gwp has increased. No other refrigerant can claim such perfect statistics. Semiempirical ozone depletion potential, net global warming potential over a 100year time. The charges of primary refrigerants for such systems are large, and they are contained in extensive ducts with many potential sources of leakage. Other countries are following suit and driving the market toward hfcfree. Refrigerants are divided into groups according to their chemical composition.
Policylegislation on fgases and alternatives two environmental frameworks one goal the montreal protocol and the kyoto protocol. Nextgeneration low global warming potential refrigerants. The most common refrigerants for the first 100 years were familiar solvents and other volatile fluids. Ozone depletion potential is measured relative to cfc11 and it represents the amount of ozone destroyed by emission of a vapor over its entire atmospheric lifetime. Alternatives to ozone depleting refrigerants in test equipment. New, natural and alternative refrigerants by dr s f pearson of star refrigeration limited introduction it is an honour to be invited to present this paper despite the rather daunting title. Refrigerant selection to reduce climate impact edge buildings. Furthermore, natural refrigerants stand out not only by being environmentfriendly the global warming potential of ammonia is zero and that of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons is negligibly small but above all by being energy efficient.
The problem of global warming must be considered while focus is fixed upon the problem of ozone depletion. Download as ppt, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. Natural refrigerants was developed as a joint effort between the national renewable energy laboratory nrel and cta architects engineers. They have been controlled by the montreal protocol since 1987 because of their ozone depleting potential and high global warming potentials. The environmental challenge for over twenty years, the hydrochlorofluorocarbon hcfc r22 has been an extremely useful refrigerant gas across a wide range of air conditioning and refrigeration applications. The ozone depletion potential odp of a refrigerant is the relative amount of depletion to the ozone layer it can cause. Alternatives to ozone depleting refrigerants in test equipment richard l. The search for refrigerants with low global warming potential gwp to replace more harmful hfcs is continuing. Considerable reductions in emissions are possible, but implementing them is having a major impact. This is measured by their ozone depletion potential odp. The use of reclaimed refrigerants is essential to the orderly transition to climatefriendly technologies and the prevention of millions of tons of greenhouse gas emissions. Ammonia is an environmentally compatible refrigerant because it has an ozone depletion potential odp of zero and a global warming potential gwp of zero.
Originally the title given was new and alternative refrigerants but i was also asked to. May 14, 2015 ozone depletion potential of different refrigerants slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Global warming potential gwp is a measure of how much a given mass of a gas contributes to global. Latest developments in low global warming refrigerants for heat pump applications.
Many of these regulations have been implemented in phases, and we are now on the brink of a wave of new restrictions. Feb 06, 2017 the united states has passed a number of regulations regarding refrigerants since the signing of the montreal protocol in 1987. Alternative refrigerants part 2 the main alternatives. Characteristics of some new generation refrigerants with. Ozone depletion potential of different refrigerants. Spanich, according to the german energy agency, the operation of ventilation and airconditioning systems accounts for around 20 percent of all energy consumed by commercial buildings. Ozone depletion potential an overview sciencedirect topics.
Volkmar hasse, gtz proklima, germany preface volkmar hasse, gtz proklima i. Fluids suitable for refrigeration purposes can be classified. Airconditioning with natural refrigerants interview with thomas spanich, member of the board at eurammon, the european initiative for natural refrigerants mr. But through domestic and international action, the ozone layer is healing and should fully recover by about 2065. The tool, available online, targets organizations affected by the european unions regulations aimed at phasing down the use of high global warming potential refrigerants including hfcs, pfcs and sf6. The most common hfc refrigerants available since the ban on hcfcs are presented in table 5. Graph showing the ozone depletion potential odp, or potential damage that each substance could cause to the ozone layer, relative to the chlorofluorocarbon, cfc11. The refrigerants have a thermodynamic property charge. Refrigerants and their environmental impact substitution of hydro chlorofluorocarbon hcfc and hfc. In order from the highest to the lowest potential of ozone depletion are. Stratospheric ozone depletion is a global threat to the balance of nature resulting in a decreasing concentration of ozone particles in the upper atmosphere.
Switching to more sustainable options therefore becomes more urgent for manufacturers and users of rachp systems. Pdf refrigerant types, issues, trends and future options. Natural refrigerant news the official news source for. Semi empirical ozone depletion potential, net global warming potential over a 100 year time. Different substances break down ozone more rapidly than others. Desirable properties of refrigerants chemical engineering site.
Hdsn, is the leading reclaimer of refrigerants in north america. Consulting firm gluckman and jacobs announced the release of comprehensive guidance for new eu fgas regulations. Shaw, accas technical education consultant, presented a discussion on the topic, contractors, are you ready for the next refrigerant transition. The evaluation of potential replacements for common heat pump refrigerants such as r410a, r407c, and r22 will be discussed for several heat pumps applications. The united states has passed a number of regulations regarding refrigerants since the signing of the montreal protocol in 1987. Environmental ranking of refrigerants is of need in many. Add r427a, with an initial charge of 95% of the original weight. The user shouldnot assume that all safety measures are indicated, or that other measures maynot be required.
Even though hfcs have a zeroodp, in some cases it has a global warming potential highgwp. Describe the numbering system used for designating refrigerants section. Chemical refrigerants are assigned an r number which is determined systematically according. Although these refrigerants have no ozone depletion potential, they have a negative impact on global warming when these. Odp is ozone depletion potential of with re ference to cfc r11 as 1. Characterize the heat transfer and thermodynamic properties and. Refrigerant product information opteon xp10 r5a is a non ozone depleting, low global warming potential gwp hydrofluoroolefin hfo based refrigerant developed to replace r4a in positive displacement, direct expansion, mediumtemperature commercial and industrial chillers, as well as flooded andor centrifugal chillers. The odp is the ratio of the impact on ozone of a chemical compared to the impact of a similar mass of cfc11. The process is not easy, and although there are alternatives to old refrigerants, the new ones are usually not.
Calm otherwise retired except as restricted by national regulations. No ozone depletion r410a refrigerant hfc refrigerants widely. Like all hcfcs, however, r22 has been shown to deplete the ozone layer. However, their impact on global warming is very large compared with traditional refrigerants. Global warming potential gwp is a relative measure of how much heat a refrigerant traps in the atmosphere. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Ozone depletion potential of different refrigerants slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Hfc alternative refrigerants, having no ozone depleting potential, without compromising system reliability or durability. R427a like other gases such as r407c is a zeotrope. Refrigerant r 600a isobutane and r 290 propane are possible figure 1. Substances with high global warming potential gwp are a key concern. A refrigerant is a fluid used in a refrigeration system to extract heat at low temperature and low pressure during evaporation and reject heat at high temperature and high pressure during condensation.
Companies like honeywell are to looking into redesigning appliances like air conditioners and refrigerant applications that have a lower gwp. Alternatives to ozone depleting refrigerants in test equipment r. When did it become unlawful to intentionally release class i and class ii refrigerants into the atmosphere. Ecofriendly refrigerants as substitutes for hfc4a a.
Although discussed herein as production, the montreal protocol actually regulates consumption, which it defines as production plus imports less exports and specified destruction. A refrigerant global warming potential gwp is based on a ratio of the refrigerants. New, natural and alternative refrigerants by dr s f pearson of star refrigeration limited introduction it is an honour to be invited to. Nearly all of these early refrigerants were flammable, toxic, or both, and some were also highly reactive. Global warming potential measurement of global warming done in relation with co2,where co2 has gwp 1 lower the value of gwp better the refrigerant few examples are given below. Characteristics of some new generation refrigerants with low gwp. Our new free zone rb276 refrigerant is the ideal replacement for air conditioners equipped with older r12 refrigerant which normally require expensive retrofitting to r4a refrigerant. The traditional method of refrigeration for medium and lowtemperature display cases in supermarkets is to circulate primary refrigerants cfcs, hcfcs and hfcs from a centrally located plant room.
There is a growing trend towards applying natural refrigerants as an environmentally friendly alternative that is less expensive compared to other synthetic refrigerants with a low global warming potential. The history and future of refrigerants filled up dick shaws seminar at the air conditioning contractors of americas accas 34th annual conference. Low gwp refrigerant ozonedepletion potential zeroodp. This section presents data for the thermodynamic and transport properties of refrigerants, arranged for the occasional users. Ozone blank is a numeric value assigned to refrigerants to compair how harmful they can be to the ozone depletion potential a refrigerant global warming potential gwp is based on a ratio of the refrigerants warming effect compared to the warming effect of. No ozone depletion r410a refrigerant hfc refrigerants. R111, 2 global warming potential 100 year, ipcc 4th assessment report, 2007. R11 high chlorine content gwp is 4000 r22 low chlorine content gwp is 1700 r4a no chlorine content gwp is 0. This paper discusses the primary technical issues and summarizes the. Currently the major refrigerant is switching to hydrofluorocarbons hfcs which has zero ozone depletion potential zeroodp.
Impact of charge degradation on the life cycle climate performance of a residential air conditioning system an evaluation of the environmental impact of different commercial supermarket refrigeration systems using low global warming potential refrigerants. It operates at about the same pressuretemperature relationship as the old r12 refrigerant which is no longer being made. For each ods, this page provides the compounds atmospheric lifetime, ozone depletion potential ozone depletion potentiala number that refers to the amount of ozone depletion caused by a substance. Refrigerants pdf classify refrigerants into primary and secondary, and discuss the important. Hydroflourocarbons hfcs can be short and midterm replacements, but may not be permanent due to their high global warming potential gwp 5.
The user shouldnot assume that all safety measures are indicated, or that other measures. Alternatives for hcfc and hfc refrigerants halogen free refrigerants. Refrigerants and their environmental impact substitution of hydro chlorofluorocarbon hcfc and hfc hydro fluorocarbon. This website addresses stratospheric ozone issues, including the science of ozone depletion, epas regulatory approach to protecting the ozone layer, epaapproved alternatives to ozone depleting substances, and sun safety. Sep 17, 2014 global warming potential measurement of global warming done in relation with co2,where co2 has gwp 1 lower the value of gwp better the refrigerant few examples are given below. Refrigeration systems using low global warming potential refrigerants. Johnson agmcmael 8 irving wick drive west newark afb, ohio 430575149. Major drawbacks of these refrigerants are their potential flammability and safety hazards.
Refrigerants that are more energy efficient have a higher heattransfer coefficient. Refrigerants having nonzero odp have either already been phasedout e. The current generation of refrigerants, hydrofluorocarbons hfcs, have. Currently the major refrigerant is switching to hydrofluorocarbons hfcs which has zero ozonedepletion potential zeroodp. The need to find a long term solution calls for the use of natural refrigerants. In particular, property managers must oversee the proper management of refrigerants and refrigerantcontaining. Linde strongly advocates the use of refrigerant gases with zero ozone depletion potential and fully supports the phase out of hcfcs. Natural refrigerants sustainable ozone and climatefriendly alternatives to hcfcs introduction dr. Refrigerant management gives us the ability to manage refrigerant, he said.
Stratospheric ozone depletion and hvac refrigerants. Systems with natural refrigerants need around 30% less energy. Zero ozone depletion potential replacement for r22. This project was made possible with american recovery and reinvestment act of 2009 funds. They have a very low or zero global warming potential and zero ozone depletion potential.
Refrigerants are regulated as hazardous materials by the us epa and carb, due to their ozone depleting ability and powerful greenhouse gas potential. Apr 12, 2020 the ozone depletion potential odp of a refrigerant is the relative amount of depletion to the ozone layer it can cause. Hall battelle 505 king a venue columbus, ohio 432012693 abstract madeleine r. According to the montreal protocol, the odp of refrigerants should be zero, i. Following the discovery that some of these chemical compounds may be harmful to the environment, they are being replaced with more environmentally friendly alternatives see figure 5. Latest developments in low global warming refrigerants for. Reclamation of refrigerants is a nearly zero gwp solution hudson technologies nasdaq. Heat exchangers for alternative refrigerants c ommercial refrigeration has been in the environmental spotlight for more than a decade, especially as leakage studies have revealed the true effects of hydrofluorocarbon hfc emissions. Ozone depletion potential odp of a chemical compound is the relative amount of degradation it can cause to the ozone layer.